【作者简介】邵迎建,籍贯江苏,出生、成长于四川。于1987年留学日本,1995年获日本东京大学文学博士学位。曾任日本德岛大学综合科学部教授,现为东洋文库研究员。出版专著有《传奇文学与流言人生——张爱玲的文学》(中文简体版,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998年;日文版,御茶水书房,2002年;繁体中文版,台北秀威资讯科技,2012年)、《抗日战争时期上海话剧人访谈录》(繁体中文版,台北秀威资讯科技,2011年;中文简体版,北京大学出版社,2013年)、《上海抗战时期的话剧》(北京大学出版社,2012年)。
一九四三年六月,张爱玲在英文月刊《二十世纪 / XXth Century》第四卷第六期的影评专栏“On the Screen: Japanese Productions”中,发表了电影“鸦片战争 (万世流芳) / The Opium War”的英文影评。影评全文扫描请见美国夏威夷大学马诺阿分校哈密尔顿图书馆中的电子版馆藏(可直接下载PDF):
http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10524/32551
The Opium War
The Opium War[鸦片战争] (Toward Eternity[万世流芳]), a joint production of The China Film Co.[中国电影股份有限公司], The China United Film Production Co.[中华联合制片公司], and the Manchoukuo Motion Picture Co.[满洲映画协会] In the leading parts: Kao Chan-fei[高占飞], Wang Yin[王引], Mon Nah[蒙纳], Yen Djuen[严俊], Lee Hsiang-lan[李香兰], Nancy Chen[陈云裳], Yuan Mei-yun[袁美云].
Modern Chinese do not like to have their attention drawn to certain features of old Chinese life. Any reference in foreign films to such things as bound feet, pigtails, or opium smoking, invariably calls forth indignant protests. Until The Opium War no Chinese film has ever made the slightest allusion to the opium habit which, we must admit, is still prevalent in China today. Hence The Opium War deserves much praise for its candor, its many-sided approach to a painful subject. In other respects, too, the film is an event in China’s brief movie history. In spite of all handicaps and limitations imposed by the consequences of a world war, in spite of the fact that the capital employed was only a small fraction of that spent on even a minor Hollywood production, the result is impressive.
The story revolves around the rise and romance of Viceroy Lin Chih-hsu[林则徐], the dominating figure in the Opium War of a hundred years ago. A subsidiary plot concerns a friend of Lin’s and a girl selling candy in an opium den. Lin and the two women in his life fight against the opium habit in the masses. Lin’s friend struggles against the habit in himself, and the candy girl against that in her lover.
The film is already crowded with dramatic material. The excuse for adding a romance “which might have been” as a subplot is probably to provide a role for the Manchoukuo star Lee Hsiang-lan. With her songs, Miss Lee proves to be the most eloquent spokesman of the piece; for the dialogue, though polished and concise, is not free from the doubtful mixing of modern phraseology with the classical language—the usual trouble with costume plays.
On several occasions, the actual words from Lin’s official decrees are inserted into the dialogue. Kao Chan-fei, in the part of the Viceroy, recites them in a clear, colorless tone. Kao’s attitude toward the role is evidently one of great reverence bordering on fear. The same fear limits the makers of the film in the scope of their interpretation. In keeping to the beaten track of romantic melodrama, they show themselves distrustful of the ability of the audience to follow more complicated political and military developments. This distrust does not take into account the fact that the Chinese public, trained during the last thirty years to be attentive newspaper readers, is now extremely well versed in journalistic literature and would prove fully receptive to Lin’s story, the mere straight telling of which would be deeply moving.
Lin miraculously defends Canton with the scanty forces and ammunition at his command. The British leave Canton to attack the ports farther up the coast. China makes a humiliating peace, undoing all that the Viceroy has accomplished against the importation of opium. The film does not sufficiently utilize such excellent ready-made drama and chooses instead to magnify an attempted assassination for its climax. All we see of the Opium War is a map showing the British expedition. During the action in Canton, the movie is preoccupied with the intersection of the parallel careers of Lin and his old flame, an enterprising lady who echoes his crusade against opium and, leading the population like a rather un-Chinese Joan of Arc against the British, dies in battle.
The beginning is a masterly synthesis of concrete details. Mon Nah and Yen Djuen animate the opium-den scenes with their robust caricatures of Britishers. Viceroy Lin is nursing his hatred, gathering up his power for the blow. At last he strikes, and meets with defeat. As a stimulus for revenge, the defeat portrayed is too paltry, largely due to the story being fined down to individual threads when it should expand. At the signing of the treaty, we hear that Lin has been dismissed and banished. He leaves Canton, exchanging stately speeches with the adoring multitude that sees him off. On his way he visits the grave of his old love.
As the girl who, but for a misunderstanding, would have married the Viceroy, Nancy Chen overacts. Her technique clashes with the straight-forward acting of Lee Hsiang-lan and Wang Yin (Lin’s friend) and with the reticence of Kao Chan-fei. Yuan Mei-yun as Lin’s wife is charmingly Chinese.
Considering the fact that the Chinese film industry has never before handled such a large capital and so great a number of talents as in The Opium War, this clinging to details is justifiable. Most of the detail is very well done, for example the one chopstick on the pot in which the medicine is boiling, to ward off evil spirits. In a few instances still greater historical accuracy would have helped as, for example, in the manner in which the slave girls hold the arm of their mistresses and in the performance of proper kowtows.
The film provides a splendid background of the China of the last century—the shameful part of which present-day China, with her more mature self-consciousness, is no longer anxious to keep in the dark. — Eileen Chang[张爱玲]
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二〇〇二年四月,中国华侨出版社编辑出版了
《张爱玲文集·补遗》一书,收录有陈炳良先生对本篇影评所做的中文翻译,现引用如下,以供参考:
鸦片战争
《万世流芳》(中华、中联、满映联合出品。高占非、王引、蒙纳、严俊、李香兰、陈云裳、袁美云主演。)
现代中国人不喜欢看旧中国的某些东西。如果外国影片有缠足、蓄辫和吸鸦片的镜头,准会引起愤怒的抗议。在“万世流芳”之前,没有中国影片涉及吸鸦片。而我们得承认吸鸦片至今仍甚普遍。因此,“万世流芳”对这惨痛题材坦诚地从多个角度来处理,是值得我们赞扬的。另一方面,这影片在短暂的中国电影史上是件值得大书特书的事。虽然由于世界大战做成各种的阻碍和限制,而且资金也有限(和好莱坞的小规模制作相比,也有小巫见大巫之别),但成绩却很好。
故事主线围绕着鸦片战争的主角——两广总督林则徐的崛起和他的恋爱故事;副线则描述林氏的友人和一个在鸦片烟窟中卖糖女郎的关系。内容是林氏和他的两个女人在群众中鼓吹戒烟,他的友人本身要戒烟,而卖糖女郎则帮她的爱人戒烟。
故事本身已不乏戏剧性的材料。影片中“想当然”的爱情故事大概是为安排满映的李香兰的演出而加上去的。李小姐的歌艺使她成为片中所演角色最适当的人选。片中对话虽然精确洗练,但仍文白参半,是古装剧常有的毛病。
有几次,林氏的文告里面所用的字句被插入在对白之中,演林氏的高占非用清晰而平淡的语气说出来。高氏对这角色明显地崇拜到近乎恐惧。同样的恐惧使制片人对诠释方面有所限制。他们走回爱情剧的老路,表示出他们认为观众不能明白复杂的政治和军事的发展。事实上,中国人在过去三十年中已习惯看报纸,对林则徐的故事已可接受。如果把林的故事如实地说出来,那已是非常感人的了。
林氏奇迹地用很少人力和火力就保住了广州城;英军转攻北部沿海港口;中国屈辱求和,把林氏的禁烟成绩一笔勾销。这些好的现成材料没有在影片中用上,反而用谋杀不遂作为全片高潮。关于鸦片战争,我们只看到一张英军进攻路线图。在广州攻防战时,影片只交叉描写林氏及其旧情人的工作。后来旧情人响应林的禁烟运动,带领群众抵抗英军时,扮演一个不怎么道地的圣女贞德,在战场上牺牲。
故事开场把真实的史事综合得非常好。蒙纳和严俊用他们对华人强烈的讽刺把鸦片烟窟的气氛演活了。而林总督则在积愤,蓄势准备一击。但是一击不中,全盘皆输。片中把作为激发复仇意志的失败场面演来过于轻描淡写。主要是因为故事在应该发展时却收束到个人身上去。在和约签订,林氏被革职流放,他在离开广州时对崇信他的群众说了得体的话,还到他旧爱的坟头凭吊。
陈云裳饰演那个如果不是因为小小误会便会嫁给林则徐的女子。她演得过火一点。她的演技和李香兰、王引(饰林氏的友人)的直率,和高占非的不苟言笑配合不来。至于饰林夫人的袁美云则非常中国式,令人喜爱。
由于中国电影制作从没有动用像《万世流芳》这么多的资金和这么多的好演员,我们对一切细节的要求是合理的。大部分的细节处理得很好,把筷子插在煎药的罐子里用来驱走恶鬼,就是个例子。但是如果注意到婢女要扶着女主人的手和怎样叩头等细节,以实现历史真实感,那就更好了。
这部影片给我们上世纪的中国,一个非常好的缩影。中国现在对本身已有成熟的了解,不再急于把往日的羞辱掩盖起来了。 — 陈炳良译
没有想象中那样好,可能预期比较高,而且没有想象中那样的大制作,依然是优秀之作,也从侧面证明了早期中国如果有规模庞大的工业规模是可以拍出不逊色国外的电影
马徐维邦一直都很不错,最后十几分钟画面卡住看不了。
牌坊credit,華人white face演出,戰爭場面,如psycho般使用影子的刺客戲,經典賣糖歌。許多厲害之處。
满映与上海合作的电影,目光转向英国鸦片,陈云裳和李香兰两大明星。《卖糖歌》尤为动听。林则徐是伟光正的形象,勤奋正直,前半部分重林,后半部加入李香兰和林的友人。张爱玲曾撰文写此片,认为陈的表演有点夸张,歌曲动听,对从未展现过的抗英题材表示赞许。
林则徐生命中的三个女人,满映的艺(ba)术(gua)水准确实挺高。
汪精卫与伪满政府也曾抬出“林则徐”作为其宣传反抗英美的工具。如上海在20世纪40年代拍摄的电影“林则徐”,请来当时的著名演员顾也鲁、高占非双双饰演林则徐,后来该片改名为《鸦片之战》。当局宣传该片“有着十二分暴露英帝国的野兽举动”,更能“唤起全中国的人们来反英美”。伪满当局的最大剧团“大同剧团”还在北京演出所谓“反英剧林则徐”。抗战胜利后,曾任伪扬州禁烟局长的林金墉更是在受审时声称自己是“林则徐后裔”,希望以此保命。
全靠我對李香蘭的愛撐完151分鐘
李香兰真甜!
重写了鸦片战争的历史 将一种本应非常政治化的故事改编为才子佳人的爱情罗曼史 同时还体现着一种“girls help girls”的性别进步图景 在建构起来的娱乐空间中抵御日本侵略者的文化入侵 “万世流芳”的并非是被个人英雄主义式颂扬的林则徐 而是群像刻画出来的象征着中华民族的集体主义 那些不完美的个体 那些二元论逻辑之外的复杂人物 那些被主流话语所排斥出局的他者
又见袁美云~李香兰也太好看了!陈云裳满脸好媳妇的面相~~= =
布景,服装都好精致,李香兰真是美。
3.5
镰仓市川喜多映画纪念馆“中华电影与其时代”专题影展
可以说得上是沦陷区国策中绝佳的电影,既满足了日本国策需求,也如《木兰从军》激发民众之抗击外敌热情。电影本身的开头就有其庄重威严,也并非是聚焦于三角恋情,而是禁烟销烟,凤姑“卖糖歌”“戒烟歌”(登上《新影坛》电影特辑中)潘达年与凤姑月下表白,静娴临死前“我希望我们中国人每一个都有用”,不过设置上确实带有强硬说教色彩(17年电影有同源色彩)这部去娱乐化电影甚至比30年代左翼国防更有价值,44年开始形势的变化从表扬到批判附逆影人展开了听证会
沦陷背景下,上海文艺工作者们借古讽今、宣扬抗战救亡的一部作品,取得了极大成功,在kmt首都重庆、tg根据地延安、汪伪治下的上海与日本均有放映。这部电影也是李香兰电影生涯的转折点,自此以后,她很少再拍类似《支那之夜》或是《迎春花》一类的文化殖民电影,而是更多的与中国本土影人合作,同时音乐事业上也走向了最为成功的时期
传说海外只存了这样一个copy啦!讲的基本都是林则徐的八卦史了。1)女人的万世流芳和明星制的关系。2)二三十年代电影中常见的闹剧元素,如中国演员所扮的洋人。3)救亡口号的商业性,剧本改编与审查制度。总体来说,影片沉闷呐,保留了传统的情节模式和道德规范啦。
人物众多 主次分明 主题宏正 古拙清美
20121120 观摩课 林则徐的风流史
旧时的世间事。袁美云好美。
同一个作品可以被解读出完全相反的意思:在日本人眼里是驱逐英美,符合东亚共荣;在中国人眼里则是攘夷保境,符合抗日救亡。中联中华满映联手,汪满映画界顶配阵容,女三李香兰因此爆红。 20110829想看