黑幕落下

Mickey Marcus

(1902 - 1948)

David Daniel Mickey Marcus, a tough Brooklyn street kid, rose by virtue of his courage and intelligence to help save Israel in 1948 and become its first general since Judah Maccabee. After a distinguished career in military and public service to the United States, the 46-year-old Marcus wrote his name forever in the annals of Israeli history.

Born to immigrant parents in 1902, Marcus grew up in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn where, to defend himself against neighborhood toughs, he learned to box. His high school athletic and academic record won him admission to West Point in 1920, from which he graduated with impressive scores. After completing his required service, Marcus went to law school and spent most of the 1930s as a Federal attorney in New York, helping bring Lucky Luciano to justice. As a reward, Mayor LaGuardia named Marcus Commissioner of Corrections for New York City.

Convinced that war was imminent, Marcus voluntarily went back into Army uniform in 1940, and after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor served as executive officer to the military governor of Hawaii. In 1942, he was named commandant of the Army's new Ranger school, which developed innovative tactics for jungle fighting. Sent to England on the eve of D-Day, he voluntarily parachuted into Normandy with the troops of the 101st Airborne Division. Marcus helped draw up the surrender terms for Italy and Germany and became part of the occupation government in Berlin. Admiring colleagues identified him as one of the War Department's best brains. He had a bright future ahead of him as a member of the Army's top brass.

In 1944, Marcus's consciousness of himself as a Jew took a dramatic turn when he was put in charge of planning how to sustain the starving millions in the regions liberated by the Allied invasion of Europe. A major part of his responsibilities involved clearing out the Nazi death camps. Here, Marcus came face to face with the survivors of Nazi atrocities and saw with his own eyes the piles of uncounted Jewish corpses in Europe's death camps. Following that assignment, Marcus was named chief of the War Crimes Division, planning legal and security procedures for the Nuremberg trials. Through these experiences, Marcus came to understand the depths of European anti-Semitism. Though never previously a Zionist, Marcus became convinced that the only hope for the remnants of European Jewry lay in a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

In 1947, Marcus returned to civilian life. A few months later, the United Nations authorized the partition of Palestine and the eventual creation of a Jewish state. Within days, David Ben-Gurion asked Marcus to recruit an American officer to serve as military advisor to Israel. Failing in his attempts to recruit one of his friends, Marcus decided to volunteer himself. The U.S. War Department granted Marcus, who was a reservist, permission to accept the offer, provided Marcus not use his own name or rank and disguise his military record.

Thus, one "Michael Stone" arrived in Tel Aviv in January 1948, to confront a nearly impossible situation. The widely separated Jewish settlements in Palestine were surrounded by a sea of hostile Arabs. The newly created Israel would have no defensible borders, no air power, a few tanks and ancient artillery pieces and almost no arms or ammunition. The Haganah was an effective underground organization but it had no experience as a regular national army. Facing it were well-supplied Arab armies determined to drive the Jews into the sea. The pro-Arab British administration in Palestine prevented the importation of military supplies to the Israelis.

Undaunted, Stone designed a command structure for Israel's new army and wrote manuals to train it, adapting his experience at Ranger school to the Haganah's special needs. He identified Israel's weakest points as the scattered settlements in the Negev and the new quarter of Jerusalem. When Israel declared independence and the Arab armies attacked in May 1948, Israel was ready, thanks to Stone's planning. His hit-and-run tactics kept the Egyptian army in the Negev off balance. When the Jewish section of Jerusalem was about to fall, Marcus ordered the construction of a road to bring additional men and equipment to break the Arab siege just days before the United Nations negotiated a cease fire. Israel had withstood the Arab assault with its borders virtually intact. In gratitude, Ben-Gurion named Marcus a Lieutenant General, the first general in the army of Israel in nearly two thousand years.

Tragically, Marcus did not live to see the peace. Six hours before the cease fire began, in the village of Abu Ghosh near Jerusalem, Marcus was unable to sleep. He walked beyond the guarded perimeter wrapped in his bed sheet. A Jewish sentry saw a white-robed figure approaching and, not understanding Marcus's response, fired a single, fatal shot. Marcus's body was flown back for burial at West Point, where his tombstone identifies him as "A Soldier for All Humanity." Hollywood would later immortalize Marcus in a movie, "Cast A Giant Shadow."

Ben-Gurion put it simply, "He was the best man we had."

这是一部知名度不高的战争电影。通过电影我们也可以了解到以色列建国之初的艰辛。 影片讲述美国于第二次世界大战获胜后，拥有犹太血统的美军上尉米基奉命到以色列，建立新的防卫军队，抵抗阿拉伯敌人的入侵，最终牺牲的故事。 影片通过一名美国军官的个人经历，映射了美国对以色列的支持。电影里还有一段达豪集中营的悲惨景象，通过展示犹太人遭受的苦难，以显示美国支持以色列的政治正确。抛开电影的暗意，总的来说，这部经典老战争片还是不错的，片中巨星云集，战争场面设计非常火爆。

跨国合拍标准气味，稳准狠处在于以东方主义切入点将以色列外部化。道格拉斯结尾突然倒下猝不及防，似乎与十多年前惠勒的《侦探故事》结尾遥相呼应，只不过那里心猿意马红杏出墙的并非道格拉斯本人而是其剧中妻子；此二者暴毙处理强调一种矛盾的解决：主体爱欲与婚姻道德的安提戈涅式冲突，即便选择回归，也已是事实出轨私德有亏——这涉及到导演想如何判定人物，道格拉斯在《侦》里的死与麦克莫瑞在《赔偿》里的死显然蕴含着不同的道德判定，前者更多出于一种保护人物悲剧英雄形象而做出的“崇高”牺牲。电影中也存在“死者为大”，突然的死亡让崩塌边缘的人物道德感凝滞定格，如此片摩西一般的老道死在永远的“阿鲁夫”之任上，不忠情史一笔勾销。虽然《诺博士》后冒险片都只有一种写法，帮女郎不能少。但作为犹太形象的道格拉斯，在走完类型程序之后，还是要献祭自身的。

2023.07.18

这部电影里居然有约翰·韦恩，他出演二战中组织美军在诺曼底空降登陆的美军将军伦道夫，是个戏份不多角色也不重要的配角，主要是和道格拉斯扮演的迈基上校搭戏。

效力于巴勒斯坦临时政府的地下军的犹太复国组织哈加纳的萨费尔少校，专程来到美国找到已经退役的前美国陆军少校迈基·马库斯，他们急需一个有经验的军事顾问，那个时候的犹太人还没有建国，军队处于地下状态，是一支组建时间短，训练极差，少枪缺弹的部队。做为美国犹太人的迈基本可以置身事外，但架不住萨费尔少校的一番“忽悠”，还是答应了他，其实真正让迈基动心的原因应该是他喜欢极富有挑战性的工作，英国很快从巴勒斯坦撤军，以色列即将宣布独立，而五个阿拉伯联盟国家宣誓要把犹太人赶到海里去。另外六百万犹太人被屠杀让他义愤填膺。

迈基隐姓埋名来到巴勒斯坦，在出关时被盘问，尽管他回答的滴水不漏，还有哈加纳组织派来的美女西蒙·玛格达神配合，但是海关官员早就认出他是谁了，不过没有为难他，放行了。

迈基发现他们上的是一辆装甲公交车，一会他就明白了事态的严重性，半路上来一群犹太人士兵，他们个个随身携带武器，上车后掏出武器组装起来，荷枪实弹准备好，车路过阿拉伯人居住地时这些士兵纷纷放下窗户上的防弹钢板，接着从射击孔伸出武器，这时候外面已经有人对准公交车开火，车内的士兵们开始还击，就这样在枪林弹雨中公交车驶了过去，迈基亲眼目睹另一辆公交车被袭击后的惨状，看来那个时候犹太人太难了，幸亏阿拉伯人没有什么重武器，只是单发步枪，而犹太士兵都是自动武器。

迈基和西蒙一起去海边接应偷渡来巴勒斯坦的犹太人，在海边他亲眼目睹了犹太人和英军对峙的过程。偷渡到巴勒斯坦的犹太人刚刚下了小船就被英军拦截，要全部遣返回去，此时不远处突然出现大批的巴勒斯坦犹太人，他们很快和偷渡的犹太同胞会合，互换衣服，分不出彼此了，让英军目瞪口呆，无法分辨，只好放行。可见二战结束后虽然全世界都同情被德国纳粹迫害惨了的犹太人，但是犹太人非法移民到巴勒斯坦还是不容易的，经常受到当时的托管国英国的阻止和驱逐。

迈基来到帕马奇的伊夫塔赫旅的营地，见到指挥官拉姆·奥伦，他们一起去见山谷里一个老贝都因酋长。阿拉伯人其实是各自为政，一盘散沙，彼此争斗，内耗的比和犹太人都激烈，迈基非常了解阿拉伯人的想法。老酋长和拉姆·奥伦的父亲是老朋友，他们和平共处五十年，现在轮到拉姆·奥伦了，老酋长表示他会支持拉姆·奥伦的，但是他要先向老酋长证明他像他父亲一样坚强，为此老酋长提供了一个有价值的情报，拉姆带领一小队士兵越境偷袭摧毁叙利亚的军火弹药库，但是拉姆也牺牲了三名士兵，其中包括西蒙的丈夫安德烈。

阿拉伯人是一盘散沙，其实犹太人也好不到哪去，帕尔玛赫、哈加纳、伊尔贡，斯特恩帮、临时政府，各自为政，力量太过分散，加之联合国对犹太人组织武器禁运，而英国人却公开武装阿拉伯人，犹太小伙子和姑娘们全凭勇敢在坚持战斗。毅然从美国再次返回中东巴勒斯坦特拉维夫的迈基亲眼见证了内忧外患的窘迫下犹太人宣布建国，从此一个叫以色列的国家诞生，全世界的犹太人有了自己的国家。很快有了一个好消息，美国很荣幸的成为第一个承认以色列的国家。正像圣经里说的犹太人是那种“顽固倔强的人”，他们在被五个阿拉伯国家包围，没有枪，没有坦克，没有朋友，什么都没有的情况下，赤手空拳争夺一片沙漠，因为这片沙漠是他们在这个世界最后一块栖息之地。

正当以色列举国欢庆的时刻，空袭警报声响起，埃及等五个国家越过边境，从不同方向进入以色列，向这个新国家发起了进攻，以色列赤手空拳是抵挡不住埃及的坦克的，在迈基的帮助下以色列在吉普车加装装甲，配置机关枪，甚至四管高射炮，迈基的策略是主动进攻而不是被动等待防御，趁埃及的坦克立足未稳，出其不意，攻其不备。即使这样，以色列的吉普车对阵埃及的坦克无异于以卵击石，高射机枪倒是能打坦克，但是对攻也不是一个量级的，只有偷袭，打了就跑，否则一炮就能轰你上天，就这样暂时阻止了埃及坦克的进攻。不过其他地方传来坏消息，以色列军队仅凭血肉之躯根本无法抵挡阿拉伯军团的进攻，他们攻入拉特伦要塞，切断了通往耶路撒冷的唯一一条补给线。

迈基临危受命，被委任为耶路撒冷所有军队的总指挥，他的手下是怎样一支部队呀，居然有从船上直接拉到前线的移民，根本就没有时间进行必要的军训，有人到死的时候枪的保险都没有打开。迈基制定了步兵侧翼包抄和装甲部队夜袭拉特伦要塞的行动计划，看着一车车从德国纳粹集中营解救出来的犹太人唱着本该进入纳粹毒气室时唱的歌奔赴战场，迈基内心一种悲壮的感觉油然而生。自制装甲部队冲入要塞后，以色列士兵最有效的武器是是火焰喷射器，烧的阿拉伯军团士兵丢盔卸甲，狼狈逃窜。但是关键时刻，步兵没有跟上，他们落入了阿拉伯军团火炮射程和雷区伤亡惨重，被迫停止了进攻。最搞笑的是负责占领村镇的步兵营死了两个人就开始撤退了。结果迈基的计划落空，行动失败。

就在迈基准备孤注一掷拼死一搏，再次发动进攻的时候，老贝都因酋长告诉了他们一条可以避开阿拉伯军团大炮射程的山间小路，实地勘察过后，一支民众组成的筑路大军浩浩荡荡的开来，争分夺秒，昼夜不停的开山筑路，看到这里让我们想起抗日战争时期，中国20万各族民众仅凭双手和原始简陋的工具，修建成滇缅公路，创造人间奇迹，现在以色列人的做法竟然是如此的相似，只是中国的滇缅公路是盘山公路，以色列这条公路太短，只能称作翻山公路。很快一条可以通过重型货车的简易公路修通了，迈基还真的称它以色列的“滇缅公路”，就此耶路撒冷的困局被打破。

可是就在停火协议即将生效前，迈基却误死在自己哨兵的枪口下，原因竟然是他听不懂希伯来语。依照犹太人的教义，不知道迈基的死是否还与他拒绝了西蒙·玛格达的爱，决意要回到妻子怀抱有关，毕竟对西蒙而言，迈基这算是“始乱终弃”，拔腿无情。

1、电影简介是个脑残写的，严重误导观众！把马库斯上校翻译成上尉，这是小错，但暴露了无知与草率；把以色列立国之战的史诗解读成美国顾问与犹太女人的绯闻艳遇，就无法容忍了！ 2、真实事件改编。犹太裔美国军官马库斯上校以个人身份担任以色列筹备政府的军事顾问，整合各派别以色列抵抗组织，抗击阿拉伯国家的武装入侵，占领耶路撒冷，并在联合国调停下停火，使以色列立国成功。 3、通过个人视角展现第一次中东战争的历史，揭示了以色列立国过程中鲜为人知的一面，非常有价值。 4、当时犹太人与阿拉伯人的对峙中，英国偏袒支持阿拉伯人，因为中东有石油；而犹太人则异常孤立，只有美国有限的支持。双方力量对比极其悬殊。

5、在二战中惨遭迫害的犹太人，对于拥有自己的国家具有非常强烈的向往，为此不惜代价、不怕牺牲。以吉普车对阵坦克、以低劣装备迎击强敌、夜以继日修筑通往耶路撒冷的简易公路，都给人留下深刻印象。

6、损失惨重的以色列军队，把刚刚从世界各地前来以色列的犹太青年紧急编入军队补员，这些纳粹集中营幸存者，从大巴车下来之后就直接拿着枪冲向战场，许多人才踏上应许之地就牺牲了——他们很多人的枪保险都没有打开，因为他们不知道怎么使用枪——但所有的人都是牺牲在向前冲锋的道路上！

7、和平还有几个小时即将来临，但马库斯却因为不懂希伯来语、不能回答口令被以色列士兵开枪击毙，令人唏嘘！

8、记得巴顿将军说过，一个战士最好的归宿，就是在战争的最后一场战斗中被最后一颗子弹打死。马库斯曾在巴顿将军手下服役，也许这也是一种最好的结局？